Hubble Tension

The Hubble tension — the ~5σ discrepancy between H₀ measured from the early universe CMB (~67.4 km/s/Mpc) and from the late-universe distance ladder (~73.2 km/s/Mpc) — finds a natural two-component resolution within Successive Collision Theory through the dynamical cosmological term Λ_eff. In SCT, dark energy is not a fixed vacuum constant but the ratio of parent-frame tensor-mesh dissipation to local gravitational binding strength: Λ_eff(x,t) = C × Λ_parent(x,t) / λ_local(x,t). As large-scale gravitationally bound orbits decay over cosmic time through GR orbital decay, three-body ejection, and dynamical friction, the overlapping gravitational well network weakens. This weakening propagates downward through the hereditary time chain and registers to embedded observers as an increasing apparent expansion rate — meaning the effective H₀ inferred locally is genuinely higher today than the globally-averaged value imprinted at decoupling.

The spatial component of this resolution is equally significant. We reside within the KBC Supervoid, an underdense region approximately 300 Mpc in diameter where the local gravitational binding strength λ_local is roughly 20% below the cosmic mean. Because Λ_eff is inversely proportional to λ_local, expansion in this underdense environment is locally enhanced, producing a local H₀ that is 2–3 km/s/Mpc above the global mean on purely geometrical grounds. The temporal component — the secular growth of Λ_eff as the tensor mesh dissipates since z~1100 — contributes another comparable increment. Together, the spatial and temporal contributions account for the full ~5–6 km/s/Mpc gap between early- and late-universe H₀ estimates without invoking new physics, modified gravity, or early dark energy. Both the CMB-inferred value and the distance-ladder value are correct measurements of a genuinely position- and time-dependent expansion rate.