Milky-Way-mass simulations produce hundreds of dwarf-capable subhalos; the sky offers roughly 60 satellites, about 20 bright ones against 50 expected in the standard mass range. The rescue, reionization and feedback darkening most subhalos, converts the prediction into an invisible population, must be tuned to the observed luminosity function, collides with too-big-to-fail, and cannot touch the fact that the surviving satellites orbit in thin co-rotating planes instead of the predicted isotropic swarm.
The model populates galaxies with satellites by subhalo accretion: a near-isotropic rain of substructure whose count scales with host mass. Both the number and the geometry are forced by that assumption, so the model must explain away the count with invisible members while having no mechanism at all for the planes.
SCT replaces subhalo accretion with debris condensation: a host galaxy and its satellites form from the same collision debris field, with the satellite census set by the fragmentation of that field under its inherited angular momentum J = μ(b × v_rel) (P31, P32). The count is fixed by collision geometry, how much debris carried enough coherence to condense, not by a subhalo mass function, so a few dozen satellites is the natural yield of a single deposition event rather than the censored remnant of five hundred. There is no dark population because there are no subhalos to darken (P54).
The geometry comes free and is the discriminator: debris condensing from one stream inherits one orbital plane and one rotation sense, so the satellites arrive arranged, thin, planar, and co-rotating, exactly the configuration that is fatal to isotropic accretion and universal among well-sampled hosts. Count and structure are one prediction in SCT and two independent crises in ΛCDM; the ultra-faint members found by deep surveys extend the same debris field downward rather than rescuing a separate dark inventory.
This is the same debris-inheritance physics behind the Centaurus A co-rotation and the Local Group planes. There is no need to invoke a tuned invisible population that the model can never count.
The registered kills: satellite planes are the load-bearing structure, so a survey of twenty or more adequately sampled hosts finding co-rotation at the ΛCDM chance rate of about half a percent, rather than ubiquitously, falsifies the debris origin. The census test cuts the other way: Rubin-LSST completing the luminosity function and revealing the satellite count climbing toward the subhalo prediction with isotropic kinematics would restore the accretion picture and remove the deposition reading.