“Distance ladder splits” refer to the fact that different, internally consistent implementations of the cosmic distance ladder—such as Cepheid–SNe Ia versus TRGB–SNe Ia, or optical versus near-infrared SNe Ia standardization, or different host-galaxy selections—yield statistically distinct values of H0 and distance moduli even before comparing to CMB or BAO (Freedman 2019; Riess et al. 2022). These internal splits suggest that either subtle, method-dependent systematics affect several rungs in different ways or that the assumption of a single, simple FRW background relating all calibrators and tracers is incomplete, making it hard for ΛCDM to explain why self-consistent sub-ladders disagree at the few-percent level (Kenworthy 2022; Perivolaropoulos & Skara 2024).