Galaxy clustering in redshift space is predicted in ΛCDM to be statistically isotropic apart from well-understood redshift-space distortions and Alcock–Paczynski geometric effects, yet multiple surveys report residual anisotropies and preferred directions in the clustering pattern that are difficult to reconcile with a strictly isotropic, homogeneous FRW background (Hamilton 1998; Sánchez et al. 2017). These anisotropies, seen for example in counts-in-cells, multipole analyses, and directional clustering around clusters, raise questions about unmodelled systematics versus genuine large-scale departures from isotropy, complicating efforts to extract unbiased cosmological parameters—especially when some signals appear more pronounced than standard ΛCDM plus simple bias models would suggest (Alam et al. 2017; To et al. 2021).