The local dipole anomaly refers to the fact that dipole patterns inferred from galaxy number counts, radio and quasar surveys, and peculiar-velocity fields are systematically larger in amplitude than the kinematic dipole expected purely from our motion with respect to the CMB, even when large local structures are modeled within ΛCDM (Secrest et al. 2021; Colin et al. 2017). While the CMB dipole is usually interpreted as arising from our peculiar velocity in an otherwise statistically isotropic FLRW universe, matter and source-count dipoles exceeding this kinematic expectation by factors of roughly 2–4, yet broadly aligned in direction, suggest either that the matter and radiation rest frames do not coincide or that there is an intrinsic large-scale anisotropy, both of which challenge the cosmological principle assumed by ΛCDM (Singal 2011; Schwarz et al. 2015).