Many dwarf and low-surface-brightness galaxies show approximately constant-density central “cores” in their rotation curves, whereas ΛCDM simulations of cold, collisionless dark matter generically predict steep “cuspy” inner density profiles (e.g., Navarro–Frenk–White profiles with ? ? r?¹), leading to a long-standing core–cusp discrepancy (Flores & Primack 1994; de Blok 2010). Baryonic feedback processes such as repeated gas outflows can soften cusps in some models, but reproducing the observed diversity and prevalence of cores across different galaxy masses and environments without over-tuning feedback efficiencies or contradicting other ΛCDM constraints remains difficult, keeping the core–cusp problem a significant tension for the standard paradigm (Pontzen & Governato 2014; Bullock & Boylan-Kolchin 2017).