Far-ir Background Excess

The cosmic far-infrared background (CFIRB) is the nearly isotropic glow produced by the cumulative emission of unresolved dusty, star-forming galaxies over cosmic time, and it carries roughly half of the total extragalactic background light from galaxies (Hauser & Dwek 2001; Dole et al. 2006). ΛCDM-based models of galaxy formation and dust emission generally match the CFIRB spectrum and counts, but hints of excess far-IR intensity and clustering on some scales suggest either additional, very early dusty populations or revised dust/star-formation prescriptions, pushing against standard assumptions about when and where galaxies formed their stars (Lagache et al. 2005; Béthermin et al. 2017).

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