Fermi Bubbles Asymmetry

The Fermi Bubbles are two giant lobes of gamma-ray emitting gas extending $\sim 25,000$ light-years above and below the Galactic center. While they appear roughly symmetric at first glance, detailed observations reveal significant asymmetries in their shape, intensity, and spectral properties. The northern bubble is slightly larger and has a harder spectrum at high latitudes, while the southern bubble shows different substructures (e.g., the "cocoon"). These asymmetries are difficult to explain in standard models where the bubbles are inflated by a symmetric central engine (SMBH jet or nuclear starburst) expanding into a uniform halo, suggesting an unknown large-scale pressure gradient or tilted outflow mechanism (Su et al. 2010; Ackermann et al. 2014).

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